Goldfoot Genealogy

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                               

                                                Mainz, Germany

My interest in Germany goes back to Worms, Germany because I have found that we have chromosome matches that lead to our origins connecting with Rabbi Wertheimer of Worms, and the Rabbi of Worms, which all leads to being connected to RASHI, and his oral history of coming from King David, which many rabbis have stated.  Also, our surname, Goldfoot, was once Goldfus; a German Yiddish name.
                                                                       

The first Jewish settlement in Germany was in 321 in Cologne which is along the Rhine River.  It is assumed that Jews lived in Speyer in Late Antiquity.  The state and church administration in the Migration Period collapsed and the urban Roman lifestyle declined.  It is assumed that Jewish communities also dispersed then.  They resettled in the Rhine area coming from southern France where Roman life had more or less remained intact.

Jewish merchants traveled a lot and would have had their families living in Rhenish towns (towns along the Rhineland).  906 for Mainz, and 960 in Worms.  Records of Jews in Speyer appeared in the 1070's.   They were members of the famous Kalonymos family of Mainz that we Goldfoots are found to be connected .   They had migrated 100 years earlier to Germany from Italy.  Other Mainz Jews also probably moved to Speyer.
                                                                       
Pogroms that started in 1084  caused Jews to flee from Mainz and Worms to Speyer.  The pogroms were started by the crusades who took refuge with their relatives in Speyer.  They may have gone there by the instigation of bishop Rudiger Huzmann (1073-1090) of Speyer, who invited more Jews to live in his town by the approval of emperor Henry IV.  The settlement he offered was the first documented ghetto

Why did he ask Jews to come live in Speyer?  Jews had an important role in the money and trade businesses, especially with distant regions.  Money lenders were needed on a large scale for the construction of the cathedral they were building.  The deliberate settlement of Jews was seen as a measure for business development.  Jews were the pioneers of urban development in Germany.

When Germans turned against the Jews and their trade restricted, this led to economic disadvantages and loss of revenues for the cities which is why bishops, lords and kings usually tried to restrain the anti-Semitic fevor of the lower clergy and the public.  They had induced Jews to come by granting them privileges and protection and at the same time were safeguarding their own revenues and protection fees.

The matters were made with Judah ben Kalonymus, David ben Meshullam, and Moses  ben Ghutiel (Jekuthiel) and were extended to all the Jews of the empire.

2 charters of 1084 and 1090 started what was called THE GOLDEN ERA in Speyer.

The period of when Jews left Judah and got to Europe is what I have been interested in.  At first, Germany seemed to offer the Jews their greatest opportunity.  The local archbishop invited Jews to settle in Speyer "to increase the honor of the town a thousandfold."  So, in 1084, the first Jewish community in Speyer was started.  The emperor approved of this, and as late 1090 he granted the Jews a charter which guaranteed freedom of travel, the right to own property, permission to deal with lawsuits between Jews in their own courts, and protection against the forcible conversion of their children to Christianity.
                                                                       
Jews would not have had these rights under ordinary circumstances.  The royal decree offered real safety for the present, and the hope of better conditions in the future.  But after only 6 years, the hopes of all medieval Jews were destroyed.  They became targets for attack and persecution which continued for centuries in the name of the CHURCH OF ROME.  The sudden change came with the First Crusade.
                                                                         
This was said to be a fight to move the Muslims out of the Holy Land from their control.  Pope Urbana II thought it a chance to show his leadership over the Christians in Europe.  To nobles, it was a time for adventure, booty and conquest.  The merchants of Italy wanted to reopen trade routes in the Near East blocked by Muslims.

The 1st Crusaders left in 1096.  They went through the Rhineland and came to communities of Jews and cried "Infidels!.  They saw Jews as murderers of their Lord and they attacked the Jews in town after town.  They went through Cologne, Speyer, Worms, Mainz...leaving behind charred ruins and bodies of some 5,000 massacred men, women and children.
                                                                           
Speyer Jews were among the first to be hit but got off lightly compared to the Jews in Worms and Mainz who were attacked a few days later.  In May 1096 on the Sabbath,  everyone attacked the Jews in Speyer.  They killed 11 Jews, but bishop John came with his troops and saved them from their hands.  The bishop had the rioters punished severely and the Jews stayed in his palace until the rage of the mob had subsided.  The Jews wound up paying him for saving them, of course.  Then the bishop of Speyer (Johann vom Kraichgau I 1090-1104 prevented massacres and expulsions that happened in other cities of the Rhineland so that he saved himself and the town their revenues.  800 Jews died in the pogroms of Worms and 1,000 died in Mainz.

They captured Jerusalem on July 15, 1099 and the soldiers then rampaged and destroyed the city, raped the women and slaughtered all in sight.  All the Jews had been crowded into the main synagogue and the building was set on fire.  They were all burned alive.

The Crusaders held Jerusalem for over 100 years and in 1187 it was recaptured by the Egyptian Sultan Saladin.  Saladin was the sultan that Moses Maimonides, the physician lived with and worked for.

This called for other Crusades who were weaker and in 1291, the last Christian troops were expelled from the Holy Land.

However, back in England in 1144, the terrible "Blood Libel" was invented; a false charge that murder of Christians was part of Jewish law and ritual and that Christian blood was used in making Passover matzah.

The 2nd Crusade was in 1146 when laymen and members of the clergy took part with outbursts of violence against Jews.  Minna was a Jewish victim of this pogrom whose ears and tongue were cut off because she refused to submit to baptism.

The 3rd Crusade started in February 1195 and all the Jews of Speyer were being persecuted during which 9 Jews were killed.  On February 13th, the daughter of Rabbi Isaak ben Ascher Haleve the Younger (1130) was accused of ritual murder (blood libel), killed and hung up in the market square for 3 days.  Haleve was killed when he tried to recover his daughter's body from the mob.  Many Jews had gone to the high balcony of the synagogue for help until 2 Jews paid a ransom for them all.  They fled and their homes were plundered and burned and the synagogue was destroyed.  When the Emperor Henry VI returned, the guilty had to pay damages to him and to the Jews.

Riots happened in Speyer in 1282 when Herbord Ohm accused the Jews of murdering his grandson.  Property was taken from the Jews and put in the royal treasury.  This was it.  The Jews had had enough so decided to return to Judah.  Their property was confiscated.  Rudolph issued another order for more taxes on June 24, 1291 and required the Jews of Speyer to maintain the newly established Fort and garrison of Landau.

Easter of 1343 was when the body of a Christian, Ludwig, was found and Jews were tortured and burned at the stake.  Speyer confiscated the homes of Jews for the benefit of the city on March 11, 1344.  

A great plague of 1348/49 wasn't bad enough to stop pogroms through France and Germany against Jews, especially in the Rhineland.  On January 22, 1349, Speyer's Jews were totally wiped out.  Many were burned in their homes like Rabbi Eliakim.  Others converted or fled to Heidelberg or Sinzheim.  Burned corpses were gathered up into empty winecasks and rolled into the Rhine River.  Property and the cemetery were taken from the Jews.  

.  It must have rebuilt throughout the ages, for the community was totally wiped out in 1940 during the Holocaust of WWII.  

"The anti-Jewish attitudes were taught by the Christian Church and helped to create a European society in which the Holocaust was possible."  Some of the anti-Semitic laws of the Nazis came directly from the laws of the medieval Church.

Resource: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Speyer
My People, Abba Eban's History of the Jews Volume I by David Bamberger pages 126-127

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                           

Freddy Krupa of Croatia and head of the Siberian Dragon Ass, . has a great map of the Huns expanding from Mongolia which I just copied for this article.  Our Q's came out of parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and possibly southern Suadi Arabia 15,000 to 20,000 years ago.  He just found that "DEEPAK CHOPRA (Chopra Clan/Gotra from Central Asia) turned out to be Q1b-L275."
                                                                                

This map shows a route our line could have taken, but it misses going into the Mediterranean Sea where our Q has been found.   Q-L245 was found from the modern locations of the Ancient city of Ur down to the tip of Saudi Arabia and Oman.  This covers the places where ancient Israel, Judah and Sumaria were located.  (from Rebecca Canada). It has now been upgraded to be called Q-BZ67.  

Going back to my own article written in 2012 on May 28th, "We go back 5,000 years for Q-M378 which includes Q-L245.  There are some Q-M378 in the Middle East who are not Q-L245, however.  This is why our leaders think that Q-L245 was born in the Middle East now.  The age of Q-L245 needs work.  Right now, they know that there are at least two branches."  

On one of my articles on L-245, a comment left was, "By the way did you know Robert Oppenheimer(Manhattan project) was Q1b?"  

Q-L245 as well as Q-M378  has been found throughout Iran. For that matter, it has been found throughout all of the ancient Babylonian and then Persian Empire lands.  As long as you are willing to believe that the Babylonian captivity happened and was not an invented story, it makes the presence of Q-L245 in the Jewish populations simple to explain.  from RC.   Then I can only believe that it's possible our family line was a part of the Jews living in Persia during the days of Queen Esther, subject of our Purim history.    Backing up in time to Babylonian attack of 597 and 586 BCE on Judah, the Jews captured were taken to Persia as well as to Babylonia which would be around Iran and Iraq.  Strange, the 2 countries had a great war between them in from September 1980 (when I moved to Israel)  that lasted till August 1988.  

 There are plenty of Q-M378 and Q-L245, Q-BZ67 men in Turkey too. 

As for the Huns and when they entered the scene of our DNA, The Huns were a nomadic people or peoples, who are known to have lived in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia between the 1st century CE and the 7th century which means 100 BCE to 600 CE. They were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was part of Scythia at the time; the Huns' arrival is associated with the migration westward of a Scythian people, the Alans.  They were first mentioned as Hunnoi by Tacitus. In 91 CE, the Huns were said to be living near the Caspian Sea and by about 150 CE had migrated southeast into the Caucasus.   By 370 CE, the Huns had established a vast, if short-lived, dominion in Europe.  

Now, the Khazars, who lived in what is now southern Russia, had established their own kingdom there and were predominantly Turkic and probably originated in the steppes of central Asia or perhaps in the Ural or Caucasus mountains.  Their details of origin are still somewhat obscure.  The early 9th century Greek historian, Theophanes, wrote that the Khazars were "eastern Turks."  An Arab chronicler, al-Masudi, wrote that the Khazars are a tribe of the Turks.  A Chinese chronicle also said that Khazars "belong to the tock of the Turks."  A 12th century Rabbi Yehudah ben Barzillai of Barcelona said that the Khazars , who are Turks,'...A 13th century Polish writer, martinus Oppaviensis, called the Khazars Turks.  

Most nomadic Turks and Khazars were racially and ethnically mixed.  The Turks had people with black hair and dark brown eyes as well as red-haired people with green or hazel eyes and fair-haired people (blondes) with blue eyes.  Some had high cheek bones, wide faces and narrow eyes like people of east Asia.  Many looked like Europeans or Middle Easterners.  Turk is not a racial term but applied to cover many different nomadic tribes who shared a common language and culture.  Modern Turks carry these differences.  

The Khazars bumped into the Huns.  The Hunnic empire (Huns) started in the middle of Asia in the 3rd century BCE.  They moved into southern Russia and Crimea by  380 CE.  They controlled parts of the steppe lands during the 6th century including the Crimea.  Some went into Romania.  

By 555, the Khazars were listed among the nomadic tribes living in tents north of the Caucasus Mountains.  The Western Turks ruled the Khazars for over 60 years.  Khazaria was established as an independent state in the 630s and 640s. by Tong Yabghu's son.  It was always multiethnic and mulitireligious throughout its entire existence.  In the 7th century, the Khazars assimilated with other tribes and formed the Khaazarians.  The Sabirs intermarried with a large part of both the Khazar and Magyar (Hungary)  tribes.  The Khazars became the dominant power in southern Russia.  They displaced the Bulgars (mixed ones).  

In the 720, the Khazars moved their capital to Samandar after the Arabs invaded their territory.  Sometime between 730 and 750, Atil became the 3rd and final capital of the Khazar Empire. There were Muslim merchants living there. 

 Atil of 740, the capital had the kagan (king) , the bek, members of the army, 4,000 attendants and "pure-bred Khazars" living in it.   

We know the story of Khazaria and how the Kagan chose Judaism over Christianity and Islam for his own religion.  His famiiy also went along with his choice.  Being such a diverse land, others could choose as they saw fit.  It was quite democratic.  Khazaria had also become a place of refuge, like an actual city of refuge found in Israel.  Jews came here who found it unbearable under the government of other states for Jews who suffered from so much anti-Semitism.  Islam had become very demanding for converts after Muhammad had died in 632 so this, plus the Christians after Constantine's rulings expecting all to convert, was too much.  

Kiev in Ukraine, the magnificent "Mother of Russian Cities" had Khazaranians and Magyars living in it before Russia gobbled it up.  It is on the banks of the Dnieper/Dnipro River.  When in Russian hands in the days of Catherine II  in 1791 was the ruler, it became one of the states of the Pale of Settlement that also included Latvia, Poland, and Belarus where Jews  starting in 1795 under Russian government were allowed to live since Catherine didn't allow them to live in Russia.  As it turned out, the less observant Jews tended to live here with the more orthodox living in Lithuania which was a center of Jewish learning.  

Update origins: 12/9/2015 Resource: Alfred "Freddy" Krupa 
The Jews of Khazaria 2nd edition by Kevin Alan Brook
Abraham's Children by Jon Entine
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/pale.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War
http://jewishfactsfromportland.blogspot.com/2010/01/jewish-genes-what-haplogroup-could-they.html